Wednesday, January 28, 2009

Enjambment and Allusions make a Mockery of Patriotism

In e.e. cummings' poem "next to of course god america i," one can clearly see the structure of a sonnet though cummings plays with the different styles of a sonnet, resting somewhere between Shakespearean form and Italian form. The organization and structure of next to of course god america i" and the religious, political, and cultural allusions all demonstrate the mockery that cummings is making of patriotism.
cummings uses this sonnet to splice together many different words and phrases that commonly represent America's history. He does this in a way that makes the entire sonnet a run-on sentence. His speaker is saying all of these things and then drinking "rapidly from a glass of water" (14). I believe this signifies how he seems to be going on and on and jumbling the words and not really having any meaning in what he is saying. There is included an entire line of what appears to be jibberish, "by jingo by gee by gosh by gum" (8) that also might indicate to the reader that the sonnet is written in a way that is suggesting that these patriotic words have little meaning and often run together. Line eight is also full of alliteration, creating a nice sound within the line. The rhyming scheme used by cummings seems to be divided into two quatrains with an abab cdcd rhyme scheme and a sestet of efgfeg. This is a mixture of both the Shakespearean and Italian form of sonnet with an individualistic twist.
Another point of interest might be the use of "deafanddumb" (6). I took this to also play into the idea that the patriotic speakers are just rambling on and no one really hears or understands. I also wonder, in the last few lines, if cummings is making the point that war is stupid and unnecessary. Is he saying, perhaps, that dying for liberty is unnecessary? For example, he asks "what could be more beaut-/iful than these heroic happy dead" (9-10) which seems like a mockery of war and dying for a heroic cause. cummings could also make the point that a lot of people have died for this country, which we refer to in many songs and cultural contexts as "America the Beautiful."
While incomprehensible superficially, "next to of course god america i" is actually quite a poignant stance against war and a satirical glance at this country's view of heroes and culture. He uses the allusions as a run-on sentence to set up the reader, making a joke out of how people might sound when talking about this country.

No comments:

Post a Comment